A brief history of organoids

A brief history of organoids. Claudia Corrò,* Laura Novellasdemunt,* and Vivian S.W. LiStem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London United Kingdom.
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Corrò  C,  Novellasdemunt  L,  Li  VSW.A brief history of organoids.Am JPhysiol Cell Physiol319: C151–C165, 2020. First published May 27, 2020;doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2020.—In vitro cell cultures are crucial research toolsfor modeling human development and diseases. Although the conventional mono-layer cell cultures have been widely used in the past, the lack of tissue architectureand complexity of such model fails to inform the true biological processes in vivo.Recent advances in the organoid technology have revolutionized the in vitro culturetools for biomedical research by creating powerful three-dimensional (3D) modelsto recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of the primarytissues. Such organoid technology enables researchers to recreate human organsand diseases in a dish and thus holds great promises for many translationalapplications such as regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and precision medicine.In this review, we provide an overview of the organoid history and development.We discuss the strengths and limitations of organoids as well as their potentialapplications in the laboratory and the clinic.

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